HIMALAYA
HIMALAYA
Mountain:~any elevated portion on the planet.
Himalaya:~Him+alaya{abode}
●himalaya is the youngest mountain range in the world.
●highest physical feature on the earth.
●length 2400kms
●width 160kms
EVOLUTION OF THE HIMALAYA
More than 200 million years ago,the continents were united into a single land mass-PANGAEA
pangaea was surround by the Ocean-PANTHALASSA.
supercontinent was separated into two continents by geological forces.
1)Southern continent:-GONDWANA L
AND.
AND.
south africa,India,Australia and antarctica.
2)Northen continent:-LAURASIA
north America and Eurasia(Europe&Asia)
Gondwanaland and laurasia were separated by TETHYAN OCEAN.
130million years ago,India separated from rest of gondwanaland.started moving northwards making the Tethyan ocean narrow gradually.
Movement occured @ of 10-15cm/year.
60 million years ago, The Indian subcontinent collided with the Eurasian land mass.
This collision marked the actual formation of the Himalaya. not a single event,but as a result of several impulses spread over a spam of 30-40 million years.
Himalayan rise between 4000-5000mtr in last 2million years.
TOPOGRAFICAL DIVISIONS
1.outer himalaya.
2.lesser himalaya.
3.greater himalaya.
OUTER HIMALAYA
Average altitude:- 1000-1300mtr.
Youngest of all mountain.
Densely populated.
Forms the home of tigers,leopard, beer and other wild animals.
LESSER HIMALAYA
average altitude:- 3500-4500mtr.
Resemble shivaliks
Lower slpos has tropical forests. some important hill station like Dalhousie, Shimla, Nainital, Darjeeling etc.
GREATER HIMALAYA
axis of whole mountain system generally aligned to shivaliks but not continuous.
Crest height not below 5500mtr.
Main mountain regions of the himalaya
Six in number
1.karakoram and its allied
2.panjab himalaya
3.garhwal &kumaon himalaya
4.nepal himalaya
5.sikkim himalaya
6.assam himalaya
karakoram and its allied
Length:-80kms.
Region barren even below the snow line.
Scanty rain.
Siachen glacier-75kms.
19 peaks above 7600mtr.
Mt,k2(8611mtr)is the highest peak.
Punjab himalaya
Length:-592kms
Bounded by indus in NE and sutlaj in SE.
4mountain basins of 4 rivers(jhelam,chenab,ravi and beas).
Major peaks:-nanga parbat(8125mtr),mt.NUN(7135mtr),mt.KUN(7077mtr).
Major ranges:-pir panjal and dhauladhar.
Famous shrines:-amarnath and vaishno devi.
Garhwal & kumaon himalaya
Length:-352kms
Bounded by sutlej on the west and kalim the east.
Mejor peaks:-mt.nanda devi(7816mtr),mt.kamet(7755mtr),choukhamba2(7068mtr),mt.satopanth(7075mtr),mt.mana(7266mtr),mt.abi gamin(7369mtr)etc.
Famous shrines:-chardham(badrinath,kedarnath,gangotri,yamnotri).
NEPAL HIMALAYA
length:-800kms
Bounded by kali on west and tista in the east.
Main peaks:-mt.Everest, mt.lhotse,mt.makalu,mt.cho oyu,mt.Annapurna etc.
14 peaks between 7000-8000 mtr.
SIKKIM HIMALAYA
length less than 25kms.
Bounded by tista in the east.
Main peaks:-mt.kanchanjangha(8586mtr),
Mt.kangbachen(7856 mtr).
ASSAM HIMALAYA
length:-752kms
Bounded by tista in the west and Brahmaputra in the east.
Main peaks:-chamolhari,kula kangri,kangto,namche barua,nyegi kangsang.
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